Heart failure, a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, impacts the lives of millions globally. If you care for someone, such as a parent, friend, or family member who has experienced heart failure, you can play a vital role in their health and well-being.
Heart failure is more common among older people. Fortunately, with early treatment, most of those affected can still enjoy a good quality of life. There are many causes of heart failure. In older people, it usually relates to problems with the left heart ventricle. By understanding heart failure and its impact on physical and emotional health, you can make a significant difference in your loved one’s life. Below are some tips for those supporting someone living with heart failure due to problems on the left side of the heart.
Disclaimer: The checklist is not a substitute for medical advice – always seek professional help. Remember, healthcare professionals will not share information about a patient unless they have been permitted to do so.
Recognise key symptoms like breathlessness, swelling, and fatigue, agree and follow a care plan.
Read our GuidesUnderstand the role of medications, potential side effects, and the importance of regular health check-ups and medical reviews.
Read our GuidesExplore common questions regarding chronic heart failure, covering topics from medication adherence to the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation programs.
Read our FAQsLinks and signposting to experts and charities devoted to helping you understand heart failure and care for someone who is living with this condition.
Read our GuidesDiscover essential information and insights on heart failure.
Worsening heart failure in older adults can manifest as increased shortness of breath, especially during activities or while lying down, more pronounced swelling in the legs, ankles, lower back (around the sacrum) and feet, sudden weight gain due to fluid retention, and episodes of severe fatigue or weakness. If you notice any of these symptoms in your loved one you should ensure they get appropriate medical advice .
Heart failure can be caused by a variety of conditions that damage or overwork the heart muscle. It can arise from problems on either side of the heart. Heart failure due to problems with the left heart chamber are most common. Common causes include coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, previous heart attack, cardiomyopathy (diseases of the heart muscle itself), heart valve disease, congenital heart defects, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats).
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a type of heart failure where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to a buildup of fluid in the body. This congestion can cause swelling in the legs and ankles, fluid accumulation in the lungs (leading to shortness of breath), and other symptoms like fatigue and decreased exercise capacity.
Heart failure is usually classified or staged using the NHS classification system
Clinicians use these stages to guide and monitor treatment.
In someone living with multimorbidity, signs that heart failure is worsening may include increased shortness of breath, especially during rest or minimal activity; swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen due to fluid buildup; sudden weight gain from fluid retention; fatigue or weakness that is more severe than usual; and episodes of dizziness or confusion. If your parent suffers from multiple chronic health conditions, worsening heart failure may also exacerbate symptoms of their other illnesses. It’s important to closely monitor these signs and consult a doctor or nurse promptly, as the management of heart failure can be more complex in the presence of multiple health conditions. For tips on managing multimorbidity in older adults, read our guide.
Heart failure often involves symptoms such as shortness of breath, swollen ankles and feet, and fatigue. Early diagnosis can be key to managing and treating heart failure effectively. Effective treatment also entails lifestyle changes, medicines, and regular monitoring and reviews. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes can also be helpful and some people with the condition need to alter their diet. Treatment and care will depend on the cause, the severity of the condition and the presence of other conditions such as diabetes, kidney or lung disease. This means that following an individualised care plan is essential to limit symptoms and reduce complications.
Living with heart failure can increase the risk of developing depression, so be alert to this possibility and get medical support as soon as possible.
For those living with heart failure, medication can be very effective for preventing complications and relieving unpleasant symptoms. However, if used incorrectly, some heart medication can have significant side effects, such as dehydration, dizziness or kidney problems. It is important that if your loved one is on this type of medication, they take their medicines effectively and are carefully monitored by their nurse or doctor.
Experts and charities have developed a range of helpful resources to help you understand heart failure and care for someone with this condition. You can find our recommendations in our guide.
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