Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

In the UK, CO poisoning results in approximately 4,000 cases of hospitalisation and around 50 deaths annually. Older adults are more vulnerable and the risks are greater if they also have any pre-existing respiratory or circulatory conditions, which can make CO exposure even more dangerous. Taking proactive steps to safeguard their home is essential.

Other at risk groups include older adults, babies, children, pregnant women, and individuals with respiratory or circulatory conditions. Exposure to CO can cause a range of symptoms, from flu-like effects to life-threatening complications.

Acute exposure to CO can cause:

• Dizziness

• Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains

• Chest pain or generalised pain

• Breathlessness

• Collapse

• Seizures

• Coma

• Death

Chronic exposure over time may lead to:

• Persistent fatigue

• Mood or personality changes

• Muscle spasms

• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

• Sleep disturbances

• Confusion or dementia-like symptoms

• Balance problems

• Stomach pains

Pets are also vulnerable to CO poisoning. If they exhibit sudden behavioural changes, drowsiness, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or develop bright cherry-red lips, ears, and gums, CO exposure should be considered as a possible cause.

CO is especially dangerous because it is impossible to see, hear, or smell without a CO detector. It can build up in enclosed spaces without warning. CO is produced when fuel burns, meaning that improperly maintained appliances and poor ventilation can lead to deadly exposure.

To safeguard your home, invest in CO detectors, which are available at DIY stores for around £15-£20. These life-saving devices should be installed in every room where fuel-burning appliances operate. Testing them monthly and replacing them as per manufacturer recommendations is essential for continued protection.

Any fuel-burning appliance can produce carbon monoxide if it is faulty or poorly maintained. Common household sources of CO include:

• Gas cookers
• Boilers
• Fires and log burners
• Gas or paraffin heaters
• Oil-burning stoves
• Barbecues
• Car engines
• Cigarettes

• Ensure all gas appliances are installed and serviced annually by a Gas Safe Registered engineer.
• Have chimneys and flues cleaned annually to prevent blockages.
• Avoid running car engines in enclosed spaces like garages.
• Never bring a barbecue inside a tent, caravan, or enclosed space.
• Keep rooms well ventilated when using fuel-burning appliances.

You can identify indications of a carbon monoxide leak by observing your equipment for the following:

• Lazy yellow or orange gas cooker flames.

• Dark staining around appliances.

• Increased condensation visible on the windows.

• Pilot lights that frequently blow out.

Smoke alarms, standard fire alarms do not detect CO. A working CO alarm should be installed in every area where fuel is burned. These alarms typically last 5-10 years, so regular testing and timely replacement are necessary.

Choosing the Right CO Alarm

• Look for EN 50291 certification to ensure it meets safety standards.

• Choose a model with an audible alarm to alert you to CO presence.

• If household members have hearing or vision impairments, consider alarms with strobe lights or vibrating features.

• Follow manufacturer guidelines for correct placement and maintenance.

If you suspect CO poisoning, act immediately:

1. Open all doors and windows to ventilate the area.
2. Move everyone outside into fresh air.
3. Call 999 for an ambulance if anyone shows symptoms of CO poisoning.
4. Tell medical staff you suspect CO poisoning.
5. Call the Gas Emergency Service at 0800 111 999 (UK).
6. Do not re-enter the property until it has been declared safe.

Have all appliances checked by a Gas Safe Registered engineer before use.

Legislation requires landlords to install carbon monoxide alarms in rental properties. More details on landlord responsibilities in England, Scotland, and Wales can be found on government websites.